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Constipation (the fourth most commonly reported side effect) Drink lots of fluids, eight, 8-ounces glasses of water a day

Over a mean follow-up period of 39.8 months, semaglutide demonstrated superiority over placebo in reducing the composite endpoint of death from cardiovascular causes, nonfatal myocardial infarction, or nonfatal stroke among overweight or obese patients with established cardiovascular disease, but without diabetes

Mounjaro/Zepbound leads to a slightly greater weight lossthe average participant lost between 15 and 20% of their starting weight

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The dipeptidylpeptidase-IV inhibitors sitagliptin, vildagliptin and saxagliptin do not impair innate and adaptive immune responses

Further research, including long-term evaluation of sarcopenia in GLP-1RAs trials, development of standardized monitoring protocols and investigation of combined nutritional, exercise and pharmacologic strategies, is needed in order to prevent muscle loss while maximizing metabolic benefits under GLP-1RAs treatment