glp 1 drugs and kidney function Current GLP-1 receptor agonists recommendations in patients with Kidney and Cardiovascular Outcomes Among

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Diabet Med 32(3):343352 Hickey FB, Martin F (2018) Role of the immune system in diabetic kidney disease

GLP-1 encourages the pancreas to create insulin, blocks glucagon secretion and glucose production, slows digestion, and affects parts of the brain that are involved in hunger and fullness

Glucagon agonism is currently being considered as a component of newer agents including as a dual agonist with GLP-1 (76) and as a triple agonist with GLP-1 and GIP (77, 78)

Although this difference approached but did not reach the threshold for clinical significance established in other studies,134 the findings suggest the potential neuroprotective effects of lixisenatide, possibly mediated by increased synaptic dopamine levels, as supported by preclinical and clinical research in addictive disorders.135,136 Further investigations are warranted to elucidate the mechanisms underlying GLP-1RAs action in PD

Covariates Clinically relevant covariates, known to influence survival and cardiovascular or kidney outcomes, were carefully selected to ensure balanced comparisons between study groups