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2011 , 17 , 5872, doi:10.1111/j.1601-0825.2011.01792.x

If someone smokes one cigarette instead of 20 per day, intuitively wed think that the risk drops to one in 20, or five per cent, says lead author Allan Hackshaw, a professor at University College London, whose paper analysed 141 previous studies

he also serves on the editorial board of The Sixties and as an advisory editor to the Class: Culture series published by the University of Michigan Press

FAQ: Can smoking cause chest pain

Smoking Smoking irritates the respiratory tract, producing dark yellow mucus and damaging cilia

Hiding this information can lead to: incorrect diagnostic conclusions unnecessary examinations unjustified treatment Why quitting cigarettes temporarily is an investment in accuracy Refraining from smoking before the tests does not require long-term efforts, but significantly increases the reliability of the results