glutathione-dependent formaldehyde oxidation pathway Deciphering Functions of Intracellular Formaldehyde: Linking Cancer and Aldehyde Metabolism The Role of the Glutathione

Emerging studies may add to this list of epithalon benefits

ON PEPTIDINGS Longevity & Anti-Aging Research Hub Overview of all compounds in this cluster Reconstitution Guide How to properly prepare injectable peptides Storage and Handling Guide Proper storage to maintain peptide stability About Peptidings Our editorial methodology and evidence framework EXTERNAL RESOURCES PubMed: Epitalon All indexed publications ClinicalTrials.gov Active and completed trials Selected References and Key Studies Khavinson et al., "Epithalon Peptide Induces Telomerase Activity and Telomere Elongation in Human Somatic Cells." Bulletin of Experimental Biology and Medicine , 2003 PubMed Al-Dulaimi et al., "Epitalon increases telomere length in human cell lines through telomerase upregulation or ALT activity." Biogerontology , 2025 PubMed Khavinson et al., "Effect of Epitalon on biomarkers of aging, life span and spontaneous tumor incidence in female Swiss-derived SHR mice." Biogerontology , 2003 PubMed Khavinson et al., "Pineal-regulating tetrapeptide epitalon improves eye retina condition in retinitis pigmentosa." Neuroendocrinology Letters , 2002 PubMed Khavinson & Morozov, "Peptides of pineal gland and thymus prolong human life." Neuroendocrinology Letters , 2003 PubMed Khavinson et al., "Synthetic tetrapeptide epitalon restores disturbed neuroendocrine regulation in senescent monkeys." Neuroendocrinology Letters , 2001 PubMed Khavinson et al., "Peptide Epitalon activates chromatin at the old age." Neuroendocrinology Letters , 2003 PubMed Khavinson, "Peptides and Ageing." Neuroendocrinology Letters , 2002 PubMed Kossoy et al., "Epitalon and colon carcinogenesis in rats: proliferative activity and apoptosis in colon tumors." International Journal of Molecular Medicine , 2003 PubMed Khavinson et al., "Effects of intranasal administration of epitalon on neuron activity in the rat neocortex." Neuroscience and Behavioral Physiology , 2007 PubMed "Overview of EpitalonHighly Bioactive Pineal Tetrapeptide with Promising Properties." International Journal of Molecular Sciences , 2025 PubMed Khavinson et al., "The Antioxidant Tetrapeptide Epitalon Enhances Delayed Wound Healing in an in Vitro Model of Diabetic Retinopathy." 2024 PubMed Salvador et al., "Effects of a telomerase activator on telomere length: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study." Rejuvenation Research , 2016 [TA-65 comparator trial] Fernandez et al., "TA-65 telomerase activator meta-analysis." 2025

doi:10.2307/3268093

2018;25:R225R245

Furthermore, its reactions with one-electron oxidants are faster than similar reactions of thiols [107]

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