is l-carnitine bad for your kidneys Role of in Cardiovascular Health: Literature Review is l carnitine bad for

Maintaining optimal mitochondrial function is important for many aspects of healthy aging

doi: 10.3389/fphar.2025.1591825 Received 11 March 2025 Accepted 28 August 2025 Published 08 October 2025 Volume 16 - 2025 Edited by Er Sheng Gong, Gannan Medical University, China Reviewed by Guillermo Federico Spitzmaul, National Scientific and Technical Research Council (CONICET), Argentina Leonardo Dionisio, National Scientific and Technical Research Council (CONICET), Argentina Updates Copyright 2025 Giannini, Soldi, Elli, Sagheddu, Castagnetti, Viciani, Salvini, Battistuzzi, Milazzo, Alibrandi and Sidoti

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In the TMLHE gene knockout mouse model, the carnitine biosynthetic pathway is inhibited due to the loss of TMLD activity in the liver, affecting the availability of carnitine in the heart, significantly reducing the rate of synthesis of LCACs, and contributing to the protection of mitochondrial function after myocardial IRI [215]

AMPK: positive and negative regulation, and its role in whole-body energy homeostasis