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This reduces the leaf internal CO 2 , which leads to the formation of ROS such as hydroxyl radicals (OH) singlet oxygen ( 1 O 2 ), hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ), alkoxyl radical (RO) and superoxide radical (O 2 ) mainly by enhancing electrons leakage to oxygen molecule 1,2,3,4

References 1 AfshinA.SurP

Characterization of stable and reactive metabolites of piperine formed on incubation with human liver microsomes

doi: 10.3389/fmolb.2021.681932 Received 17 March 2021 Accepted 13 April 2021 Published 04 May 2021 Volume 8 - 2021 Edited by Pierre Genevaux, FR 3743 Center de Biologie Intgrative (CBI), France Reviewed by Lars Ingo Ole Leichert, Ruhr University Bochum, Germany

Clemens S, Peroh D

Arunagiri A, Haataja L, Pottekat A, Pamenan F, Kim S, Zeltser LM, et al