mitochondrial glutathione depletion Glutathione-depleting mitochondria-targeting nanodrugs for stress amplification and immune activation via synergistic photodynamic therapy and cuproptosis Oxidative stress is a shared

Dimethyl fumarate improves cognitive deficits in chronic cerebral hypoperfusion rats by alleviating inflammation, oxidative stress, and ferroptosis via nrf2/are/nf-Kb signal pathway

The proton leak across the mitochondrial inner membrane

In addition to diminishing the quality of life and independence, LLD is also associated with increased mortality (Fiske et al., 2009)

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov Zhu R, et al

Neutrophils account for the majority of leukocytes in IS thrombi, followed by macrophages and T cells (Heo et al., 2020)

While HSPA5 upregulation can enhance GPX4 activity and inhibit lipid peroxidation, experimental disruption of this pathway (e.g., via siRNA) blocks DHAs protective effect, allowing its inherent ROS-generating capacity to prevail, ultimately inducing ferroptosis [73]